The harmful effects of disinfectants commonly used in swimming pools on the human body

Addtime：2019-01-25 Hits：3145

　　The disinfectant in the swimming pool should be selected without causing water and environmental pollution, without changing the water quality in the swimming pool. It is non-irritating or irritating to the human body, safe, non-toxic, non-residue and fast in sterilization ability. In addition to this, the construction structure, equipment and pipelines should also be less corrosive. At present, the disinfectant used in swimming pools in China is usually a chlorine disinfectant. Common chlorine disinfectants include: inorganic chlorides such as liquid chlorine, calcium hypochlorite, sodium hypochlorite, trisodium phosphate, etc.; organochlorine compounds, such as Sodium chloroisocyanurate, trichloroisocyanuric acid, bromochlorohydantoin, and the like. Compared with the unstable nature of inorganic chlorine, it is easy to decompose when exposed to light, heat and moisture, and loses its active ingredients. Organochlorine is relatively stable, but it is unstable after being dissolved in water. The higher the pH value of the solution used, the weaker the bactericidal effect. When the pH value is greater than 8.0, the bactericidal activity can be lost; the organic matter obviously affects the bactericidal effect;Chlorine-containing disinfectants have the advantages of rapid action and low price, so they are widely used. However, its toxicity will irritate the eyes and skin, causing red eyes and rash. Long-term contact with pool water will cause yellowing of the hair, redness and swelling of the skin, endocrine disorders, etc.; chlorine-containing disinfectants will react with the organic matter in the water to produce a lot of Carcinogens, especially for children who are developing, should avoid such damage as much as possible; some chlorine preparations are highly corrosive, so it requires more strict and higher storage, transportation, and actual operation conditions to avoid accident.
　　Analysis on several disinfectants currently used
　　2.1 Liquid chlorine
　　Liquid chlorine refers to liquid chlorine (CL2), which has strong bactericidal power and strong continuous bactericidal ability and deodorization and deodorization ability.
　　Due to its low price and relatively skilled technology, it is widely used for water disinfection. However, the general dose is not effective against viruses, pathogens, and the like. After adding to the swimming pool, its acidity is particularly strong. It needs to add a large amount of alkali to adjust the pH value, and the amount of liquid chlorine is not easy to control. If too much is not fully reacted, it will cause toxic chlorine gas mist, which is extremely harmful to the human body. Many swimming pool poisoning Events are triggered by this. Therefore, liquid chlorine is currently rarely used in swimming pool water disinfection.
　　2.2 Bleaching powder
　　The main component of the bleaching powder is calcium hypochlorite [Ca(ClO)2], which is a swimming pool disinfectant which is commonly used because its good bactericidal effect large application for different water quality. In an acidic environment, its bactericidal power is strong and the reaction is rapid, and high concentration can kill the spores. However, calcium hypochlorite is not easy to preserve, and it can be reacted with light, moisture, heat and carbon dioxide (CO2). The aqueous solution is alkaline and sediment, and there is a layer of white floating material on the surface of the water that is irritating to the human gastrointestinal mucosa, respiratory tract, and skin, and causes coughing and affecting vision.
　　2.3 Bromochlorohydantoin
　　Bromochlorohydantoin is commonly known as bromine tablets (C5H6BrClN2O2) and its active ingredients are chlorine and bromine, generally crystalline powders and white tablets. It is more stable than chlorine, has a milder odor, and is less sensitive to changes in pH than chlorine. However, bromine preparations are corrosive at high doses.
　　The strong stimulation of the human body is not only manifested in the skin, eyes and cells, but also produces a carcinogen, bromate (BrO3-), under pool conditions.
　　2.4 Trichloroisocyanuric acid
　　Trichloroisocyanuric acid, abbreviated as TCCA, is a chlorinated derivative of isocyanuric acid with a molecular formula of C3N3O3Cl3 and an effective chlorine content of up to 90%. The reason why trichloroisocyanuric acid can be promoted internationally is because it is a low-toxic, stable and fast disinfectant that can quickly kill various bacteria, spores, fungi, molds and cholera. . It has a strong effect on killing hepatitis A and hepatitis B virus, and also has good disinfection effect on sexual viruses and HIV. TCCA is also a swimming pool disinfectant that is widely used in China and widely used. It is less irritating to the human body, as long as the residual chlorine content in the pool is kept within the limits set by the state, swimmers can be assured. The stabilizer in trichloroisocyanuric acid is cyanuric acid. Cyanuric acid can make it stable under ultraviolet light. It is suitable for use in outdoor swimming pools, but it can cause over-stability problems and high oxygen consumption in indoor swimming pools. The TCCA in the form of a solid effervescent tablet preparation is not only convenient to use, but also has enhanced water solubility, can rapidly form a sterilizing component of chloric acid, and has certain tolerance to organic substances. The disadvantage is that harmful chlorinated by-products are produced.
　　3. The amount of disinfectant should be reasonable
　　Because the disinfectant commonly used in swimming pools is mainly chlorine-containing disinfectant. Excessive chlorine is very harmful to the human body. It is important to control the dosage. According to the survey report of the National Health Supervision Department, in recent years, the water in indoor and outdoor swimming pools has been disinfected with chlorine or chlorine. In the process of disinfecting swimming pool water, chlorine will not only produce unpleasant irritating gases, but also The eyes of the swimmer are red, the hair is yellow, the skin is easy to contract, etc. The chlorine also reacts with ammonia, urine, sweat and other organic substances brought by the swimmer to produce a large amount of chloroform carcinogen and trichloramine toxicity substance. Among them, trichloramine is a strong irritant gas, which is a catalyst for asthma diseases, which leads to increased permeability of the lungs and makes people susceptible to asthma.
　　In addition, in order to increase profits, individual black-hearted swimming pools reduce the cost of cleaning and reduce the cost at the cost of water changes. Due to the need to reduce the amount of bacteria in the pool, excessive chlorine is used to disinfect the pool water, which will cause more chloromethane carcinogens and trichloramine irritating gases in the pool water, for consumers and for a long time. The harm of the poolside staff is even greater. For adolescents who are in the growth stage, some of the damage caused by these toxic substances is extremely great. Try to avoid contact with the pool water that does not meet the standard chlorine, and not go to the swimming pool that is not up to standard. If you feel unwell, you should leave and go to the doctor as soon as possible to avoid irreparable consequences.
　　The amount of residual chlorine is an important indicator to determine whether the water quality of the swimming pool is up to standard. After the chlorine-containing disinfectant is applied in the swimming pool, the free chlorine remaining in the water means that the application amount is enough to kill the bacteria and the virus and there is still surplus, which can guarantee The disinfection effect of the water body, the national regulations for swimming pool water should reach 0.3 ~ 0.5 mg / L.The residual chlorine index requires that the water body be kept effectively disinfected without odor. Therefore, the reasonable use of disinfectant should be based on the amount of residual chlorine, and should not be too high, otherwise it will cause harm to the human body.
　　Conclusion
　　Swimming can not only strengthen the body, shape the body and mind, improve the heart and lung function, but also relieve stress. However, people are still in the knowledge gap of the safety of swimming pool water. This article discusses this issue and hopes to provide some reference and reference for everyone.